What microelements are there in feed additives?

The difference between macroelements and microelements in feed additives is based on the dietary requirements of animals. Usually, microelements require trace amounts, less than 0.01% of the whole feedstuff, and act as enzyme activators or components of organic compounds. But macro elements often make up more than 90% of the whole feedstuff. So, what exactly are the microelement that could be provided by feed additives? Please let me introduce them to you in the following contents.

Here is the content list:

l  What are the roles of microelements?

l  What would happen if there is a deficiency of microelements?

What are the roles of microelements?

The main types of microelements inside feed additives are manganese, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, molybdenum, iodine, and cobalt. This passage will mainly discuss the three most important types, which are manganese, zinc, and iron. Their roles of them could be listed as follows: First, manganese is a trace element and an essential element in the diet of animals. In animals, Mn is widely distributed, but concentrated in the bones and liver. Manganese is essential for the maintenance and production of mucopolysaccharides in the organic matrix of bones. Therefore, Mn is essential for bone formation and health. Second, zinc is widely distributed in animals as well. High concentrations of zinc are found in liver, bones, and animal body coverings. Zinc is a cofactor or component of more than 100 enzyme systems in animals. These include nucleic acid and protein synthesis and metabolic enzymes such as DNA and RNA polymerases. The concentration of zinc in tissues is highly correlated with the tissue distribution of the enzymes associated with it. Zinc is a component of insulin and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism in this way. Zinc is also necessary for the synthesis of retinol-binding proteins and is also important for T cell functions in immune and reproductive functions. The third most important microelement is iron, it is present in all cells in the animal body. The metabolic requirement of iron is to synthesize the respiratory tract pigment (hemoglobin), which is necessary to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Iron is also a cofactor for several metalloenzymes, such as cytochromes, respiratory tract pigments (hemoglobin, myoglobin), peroxidase, and catalase.

What would happen if there is a deficiency of microelements?

Deficiencies typically mean there is a lack of microelements. If there is a deficiency of manganese. Many skeletal abnormalities and disorders could happen. According to reports, the legs of pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle are flexed and bent and joints are enlarged. In poultry, such abnormalities occur prematurely and are also accompanied by manganese deficiency. Due to manganese deficiency, reproductive problems such as delayed estrus, poor conception, reduced litter size and survival rate of large animals, and lower hatching rate of poultry could happen. Zinc deficiency can impair cell differentiation and replication. Therefore, fast-growing tissues such as the skin, gastrointestinal and reproductive tract are most affected. Since zinc is mainly distributed on human body coverings such as skin, hair, wool, skin, and feathers, the lack of it is related to skin or feather-related conditions. Also, zinc deficiency can cause a disease called hyperkeratosis or severe dermatitis, accompanied by dry, scaly, and cracked skin, and poor feathers in poultry. Iron deficiency is can also cause severe abnormalities such as hemoglobin, microcytic anemia and reduce growth. These are common in piglets.

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